Activities of Daily Living: Eating, Dressing, Transferring

The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is an indicator of functional status. It is a measurement of a person’s functional abilities if there is a need for support and assistance. In this second article, the last three activities of daily living are discussed. 

DRESSING

Dressing makes older adults feel better by maintaining a positive self-image on how they present themselves to others. This activity helps them develop their personal style and boost their self-confidence. 

Select the appropriate clothing depending on the occasion and weather. Having an accessible and comfortable wardrobe makes dressing easier. Aside from this, it helps older adults to dress and undress independently.

This can be difficult for older adults who have limited mobility, dexterity issues, or dementia. To avoid the complications of closing clasps, fastening buttons, finding the zipper, or tying the shoelaces, provide the older adult with comfortable clothing with velcro closures, elastic waistbands, and slip-on shoes. Encourage their participation in choosing their preferred clothes and assist them when needed. Give them the freedom to groom themselves and provide them with tools for oral care, nail care, and hair care. 

For those with severe dementia, limit the choices of clothes and set them out. Choose clothing that is easy to watch and encourages independence as much as possible. Use simple gestures and one-step commands since their planning or sequencing is impaired in this stage. Always remember to be patient and move slowly.

EATING

As we age, it becomes a struggle to eat due to dental problems, arthritis, or swallowing difficulties. To make it manageable for older adults, modify the utensils to those with specialized plates with raised edges or easy-grip handles. These assistive devices promote their independence during mealtime. 

Gather ingredients and prepare meals that are good for the older adult’s proper nutrition. Hydration and proper nutrition are important for the health of an older adult. If they find it hard to chew, serve easy-to-eat foods that are nutrient-dense and soft such as smoothies, soups, or mashed potatoes. Ensure that the food is consumed without choking. 

Encourage independence by letting them set up their own meals and feed themselves. However, you can also provide assistance if needed by assisting them with small tasks or cutting the food. 

MOBILITY OR TRANSFERRING

Transferring is the ability to move from one place to another safely and independently. It includes movements such as standing up, sitting down, walking, and moving to different positions. Mobility or transferring is essential in order for older adults to perform day-to-day tasks. Before aiding them, observe first if they only need supervision, limited physical assistance, or two or more persons' physical assistance. 

To encourage independence, older adults can use mobility aids such as wheelchairs, canes, or walkers. Your priority is their safety and preventing them from falling. These mobility aids support their physical mobility or transferring. Aside from this, employ ways and means that reduce hazard risks. This can be securing the rugs, ensuring the room is well-lit, and removing tripping hazards.

Older adults move at a slower pace in comparison to younger people. It requires patience and gentleness in offering support. Do not also forget to assess the older adult to cater to their personal needs and utilize the appropriate techniques. 

As we age, it is normal and common to have difficulty with one or more of the ADLs. In these times, it is recommended to seek assistance from family members, friends, or caregivers. Seeking assistance doesn’t mean that the older adult will become wholly dependent on everything, there is still a sense of independence. Maintaining independence is significant in promoting the quality of life of older adults.